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Robert Bly

Život

Robert Bly Robert Bly se narodil 23. prosince 1926 v Lac Qui Parle v Minesotě. Je básníkem, aktivistou a vedoucí spoatvou mythopoetického mužského hnutí ve Spojených státech Amerických.

Po maturitě nastoupil v roce 1944 na dvouletou vojenskou službu k námořnictvu. Vysokoškolská studia zahájil na St. Olaf College v Minnesotě, pak přestoupil na Harvardskou uuverzitu, kde se připojil k později známé skupině spisovatelů (patřili do ní Donald Hall, Adrienne Rich, Kenneth Koch, Frank O'Hara, John Ashbery, Harold Brodkey, George Plimpton a John Hawkes). Studia završil v roce 1950 a následujících několik let strávil v New Yorku.

Od počátku roku 1954 Bly studuje na University of Iowa (The Iowa Writers Workshop) společně s W. D. Snodgrass, Donald Justice a dalšími. V roce 1952 obdržel Fulbright Grant, což umožnlo jeho cestu do Norska a překlady norské poezie do angličtiny. Objevil zde nejen své příbuzné, ale seznámil se současně s díly mnoha osobností, které tehdy byly ve Spojených státech známy pouze okrajově. Mezi ně patřili například Pablo Neruda, Cesar Vallejo, Antonio Machado, Gunnar Ekelof, Georg Trakl, Rumi, Hafez, Kabir, Mirabai a Harry Martinson. To vyústilo založením literárního časopisu zaměřeného na překlady cizojazyčné poezie do angličtiny. V padesátých, šedesátých a sedmdesátých letech mnohé z těchto básníků uvedl mezi spisovatele své generace, psal pojednání o amerických básnících.

V té době Bly žije na farmě v Minnesotě společně se svou manželkou a dětmi. Jeho první manželkou byla ocěňovaná povídkářka Carol Bly, se kterou měli společně čtyři děti včetně Mary J. Bly, profesorky literatury na Fortham University současně úspěšné spisovateky. V roce 1979 se rozvedli. V roce 1980 se znovu oženil s Rut Ray.

Dílo

Bly's early collection of poems, Silence in the Snowy Fields, was published in 1962, and its plain, imagistic style had considerable influence on American verse of the next two decades.[2] The following year, he published "A Wrong Turning in American Poetry", an essay in which he made a case against the influences of Eliot, Pound, Marianne Moore, and William Carlos Williams, in favour of the more direct work of writers such as Pablo Neruda, César Vallejo, Juan Ramón Jiménez, Antonio Machado, and Rainer Maria Rilke.

In 1966, Bly co-founded American Writers Against the Vietnam War, and went on to lead much of the opposition to that war among writers. When he won the National Book Award for The Light Around the Body, he contributed the prize money to the Resistance. During the 1970s, he published eleven books of poetry, essays, and translations, celebrating the power of myth, Indian ecstatic poetry, meditation, and storytelling. During the 80s he published Loving a Woman in Two Worlds, The Wingéd Life: Selected Poems and Prose of Thoreau, The Man in the Black Coat Turns, and A Little Book on the Human Shadow.During the sixties he was of great help to the Bengali Hungryalist poets who faced anti-establishment trial at Kolkata, India.

Among his most famous works is Iron John: A Book About Men, an international bestseller which has been translated into many languages. The book is credited with starting the Mythopoetic Men's Movement in the United States. Bly frequently conducts workshops for men with James Hillman, Michael J. Meade, and others, as well as workshops for men and women with Marion Woodman. He has taught at the annual "Great Mother Conference" since 1975. He maintains a friendly correspondence with Clarissa Pinkola Estés, author of Women Who Run With the Wolves.

Bly was the University of Minnesota Library's 2002 Distinguished Writer. He received The McKnight Foundation's Distinguished Artist Award in 2000, and the Maurice English Poetry Award in 2002. He has published more than 40 collections of poetry, edited many others, and published translations of poetry and prose from such languages as Swedish, Norwegian, German, Spanish, Persian and Urdu. His book The Night Abraham Called to the Stars was nominated for a Minnesota Book Award. He also edited the prestigious Best American Poetry 1999 (Scribners).

In 2006 the University of Minnesota purchased Bly's archive which contains more than 80,000 pages of handwritten manuscripts; a journal spanning nearly 50 years; notebooks of his "morning poems"; drafts of translations; hundreds of audio and videotapes, and correspondence with many writers such as James Wright, Donald Hall and James Dickey. The archive will be housed at Elmer L. Andersen Library on the University of Minnesota campus. The university paid $775,000 from school funds and private donors.

In February, 2008, Bly was named Minnesota's first poet laureate.[3] In that year he also contributed a poem and an Afterword to From the Other World: Poems in Memory of James Wright.

Bibliografie

Poezie

  • Turkish Pears in August: Twenty-Four Ramages (Eastern Washington University Press, 2007)
  • The Urge to Travel Long Distances (Eastern Washington University Press, 2005)
  • My Sentence Was a Thousand Years of Joy (HarperCollins, 2005)
  • The Night Abraham Called to the Stars (HarperCollins, 2001)
  • Eating the Honey of Words: New and Selected Poems (1999)
  • Snowbanks North of the House (1999)
  • Morning Poems (1997)
  • Meditations on the Insatiable Soul (1994)
  • What Have I Ever Lost by Dying?: Collected Prose Poems (1992)
  • Loving a Woman in Two Worlds (1985)
  • Selected Poems (1986)
  • Mirabai Versions (1984)
  • The Man in the Black Coat Turns (1981)
  • This Tree Will Be Here for a Thousand Years (1979)
  • This Body is Made of Camphor and Gopherwood (1977)
  • Old Man Rubbing His Eyes (1974)
  • Jumping Out of Bed (1973)
  • Sleepers Joining Hands (1973)
  • The Light Around the Body (1967)- won National Book Award
  • The Lion's Tail and Eyes (1962)
  • Silence in the Snowy Fields (1962)

Antologie

  • The Best American Poetry (1999)
  • The Soul Is Here for Its Own Joy: Sacred Poems from Many Cultures, Ecco Press (1995)
  • The Darkness Around Us Is Deep: Selected Poems of William Stafford (1993)
  • The Rag and Bone Shop of the Heart: Poems for Men (1992)
  • News of the Universe (1980)
  • Leaping Poetry (1975)
  • A Poetry Reading Against the Vietnam War (1967)

Překlady

  • Peer Gynt (verse play) - by Henrik Ibsen (2008)
  • The Winged Energy of Delight: Selected Translations, HarperCollins (2004)
  • The Half-Finished Heaven: The Best Poems of Tomas Tranströmer, Graywolf Press (2001)
  • The Lightning Should Have Fallen on Ghalib: Selected Poems of Ghalib, (with Sunil Dutta, 1999)
  • Lorca and Jiménez: Selected Poems, Beacon Press (1997)
  • Ten Poems of Francis Ponge Translated by Robert Bly & Ten Poems of Robert Bly Inspired by the Poems of Francis Ponge (1990)
  • Trusting Your Life to Water and Eternity: Twenty Poems of Olav H. Hauge (1987)
  • Machado's Times Alone: Selected Poems (1983)
  • Eight Stages of Translation (1983)
  • The Kabir Book (1977)
  • Friends, You Drank Some Darkness: Three Swedish Poets — Martinson, Ekeloef, and Transtromer (1975)
  • Neruda and Vallejo: Selected Poems (1971)
  • Hunger (novel) — by Knut Hamsun (1967)

"Nonfiction" literatura

  • Remembering James Wright (2005)
  • The Maiden King : The Reunion of Masculine and Feminine (co-authored with Marion Woodman), Henry Holt & Co (November 1998) ISBN 0-8050-5777-3 (vyšlo i česky)
  • The Sibling Society, Addison-Wesley (1996)
  • The Spirit Boy and the Insatiable Soul (1994)
  • American Poetry: Wildness and Domesticity (1991)
  • Iron John: A Book About Men (1990) ISBN 0-201-51720-5 (vyšlo i česky)
  • A Little Book on the Human Shadow, (with William Booth, 1988)
  • Talking All Morning: Collected Conversations and Interviews (1980)

Další informační zdroje (anglicky)

Kritika (anglicky)

Zdroj

Zpracováno podle Wikipedia.org: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bly.

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